Dysphagia in COVID-19 Patients

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of COVID-19, after entering the body, can cause mild asymptomatic disease to severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) resulting in dyspnea and apnea, eventually requiring...

Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR) Disease

Basic Anatomy:The pharynx is a hollow muscular tube that starts behind the nasal cavity and extends down up to the esophagus. Anterior to the pharynx is another tube- the larynx- made up of cartilaginous rings and muscle, which extends down up to the trachea. The...

History of Videostroboscopy

What is Videostroboscopy?There are several diagnostic modalities to view the larynx, including indirect laryngoscopy using a mirror and direct laryngoscopy with the help of either a flexible endoscope or a rigid endoscope. Videostroboscopy is a diagnostic technique...

Oropharyngeal and Esophageal Dysphagia

Swallowing is a complex process requiring coordination of 30 different muscles working together to pass a bolus of food from the mouth into the stomach. After chewing, with the help of salivary lubrication, the bolus of food passes down from oropharynx to esophagus...

The Benefits of 24-hours pH Monitoring

The intensity of symptoms caused by reflux diseases ranges from mild discomfort and heartburn to frequent regurgitation, often resulting in dreadful complications. In order to establish the diagnosis of reflux diseases, a 24-hour pH monitoring technique is used....

The Most Common Voice Disorders

To understand voice disorders, one should have an idea about the normal physiology of voice production. A normal human being has two sets of vocal cords present in the larynx. In speech production, the air from the lungs passes through the narrow opening between the...

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